वामन देव की महिमा

त्रेता-युग में बलि महाराज राक्षसों के राजा थे, देवताओं के राजा इंद्र ने देवताओं और राक्षसों के बीच लड़ाई में बलि महाराज और उनके प्रमुख सेनापतियों को मार डाला। जब देवराज-इंद्र ने पूरे राक्षस वंश को नष्ट करने की प्रतिज्ञा के साथ राक्षसों का वध करना शुरू किया, तो पितामह ब्रह्मा जिनके ऊपर सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि का दायित्व है, उन्होंने इस तरह के जघन्य कृत्य को रोकने के लिए इन्द्र के पास नारद ऋषि को भेजा। जब नारद ऋषि ने इंद्र को राक्षसों वध करने से निषेध किया और ब्रह्मा के आदेश के बारे में सूचित किया, तभी वह रुक गया।

राक्षसों के कुलगुरु शुक्राचार्य ने मृत-संजीवनी की विद्या का उपयोग करके बलि महाराज और उनके प्रमुख सेनापतियों और राक्षसों को पुनर्जीवित किया। शुक्राचार्य के कार्य को देखकर सभी देवता चिंतित हो गए।

देवताओं ने सोचा, “शुक्राचार्य मृत-संजीवनी जानते हैं, तो राक्षसों को मारने का क्या फायदा है? शुक्राचार्य उन्हें फिर से जीवित कर देंगे। हमें उनसे वह विद्या प्राप्त करनी चाहिए। किन्तु उनसे यह विद्या प्राप्त करने कौन जाएगा?” उन्होंने सोचा, “बृहस्पति के पुत्र, कच, बहुत सुंदर और अच्छे व्यवहार वाले हैं। यदि वे जाते हैं तो शुक्राचार्य और उनकी बेटी देवयानी उनकी ओर आकर्षित होंगे और फिर वहीं रहकर वे उनसे वह मंत्र सीख सकते हैं। उन्होंने कच को शुक्राचार्य के पास जाने की सूचना दी। कच ने वहां जाकर शुक्राचार्य और देवयानी को प्रणाम किया। उसकी सुंदरता को देखकर दोनों उसकी ओर आकर्षित हो गए। उन्होंने कहा, “मैं आपका शिष्य बनने आया हूँ। मैं बृहस्पति का पुत्र हूँ।” शुक्राचार्य ने उत्तर दिया, “ठीक है।” तब कच वहीं रहे और शुक्राचार्य की पांच सौ वर्ष तक सेवा की। एक दिन वे आश्रम के बाहर गए और वहाँ अन्य राक्षसों ने उनको देखा। उन्होंने सोचा, “वह हमारे जैसा नहीं है। वह एक देवता के पुत्र की तरह दिखता है।”

उन्होंने उनसे पूछा, “आप कहाँ से आए हैं?”

उन्होंने उत्तर दिया, “मैं बृहस्पति का पुत्र हूँ।”

“तुम यहाँ क्या कर रहे हो? यह स्थान शुक्राचार्य के शिष्यों के लिए है।”

वे समझ गए कि उसका वहां होने का उद्देश्य में ठीक नहीं है। उन्हें उनसे भय का अनुभव हुआ। तब उन दुष्टात्माओं ने तुरन्त उन्हें वहाँ से ले जाकर मार डाला, और उनके शरीर को टुकड़े-टुकड़े कर कुत्तों और गीदड़ों जैसे जंगली जानवरों को खिया दिया। इधर, देवयानी उसके बारे में सोचती है कि वह वापस क्यों नहीं आ रहा है? उसने अपने पिता से कहा, “वह आज क्यों नहीं लौट रहा है। मुझे भय है कि अन्य राक्षसों ने उसे मार डाला होगा। आप कृपया मृत-संजीवनी मंत्र का प्रयोग करें और उसे जीवित करें।”

शुक्राचार्य ने उत्तर दिया, “मृत-संजीवनी सब स्थान पर प्रयोग नहीं की जानी चाहिए।”

देवयानी रो पड़ी। अपनी बेटी को रोता देख शुक्राचार्य कच को जीवित करने के लिए अपने मंत्र का उपयोग करने के लिए तैयार हो गए। जैसे ही उन्होंने मंत्र का उच्चारण किया, सभी जानवर, जिन्होंने भी कच खाया था, उनके पेट फट गए और वे मर गए। उनके पेट से उसके शरीर के सभी टुकड़े बाहर निकल आए और फिर से मिल गए और वह जीवित हो गया। ऐसी मंत्र में शक्ति है।

फिर कुछ दिनों के बाद राक्षसों ने फिर से कच को देखा, उन्होंने सोचा, “ओह! हमने उसे मार डाला था और वह फिर से वापस आ गया है। हमारे गुरुदेव हमारे शत्रु के रूप में कार्य कर रहे हैं। उन्होंने उसे जीवित कर दिया। वे हमारे शत्रुओं की सहायता कर रहे हैं।” राक्षस उसके पास गए और उन्होंने उसे एक बार फिर मार डाला। इस बार उन्होंने उसके शरीर को पानी की तरह बनाया और उसे समुद्र के पानी में मिला दिया। देवयानी के अनुरोध पर फिर से शुक्राचार्य ने उस मंत्र का पाठ किया और उसे जीवित कर दिया।

अब इस बार शुक्राचार्य के आश्रम से कच बाहर नहीं निकल रहा है, दैत्यों ने आश्रम में आकर उसे वहीं देखा। इस बार उन्होंने सोचा, “हमें अपने गुरु को सबक सिखाना चाहिए।” उन दिनों ब्राह्मण मद्यपान करते थे (शुक्राचार्य के श्राप के बाद उन्होंने इसे पीना बंद कर दिया।)। राक्षसों ने फिर से कच को मार डाला और उसके शरीर को शुक्राचार्य की शराब में मिला दिया। शुक्राचार्य ने इसे पी लिया। अब फिर देवयानी के अनुरोध पर शुक्राचार्य ने उन्हें जीवित करने के मंत्र का जाप किया। इस बार उन्होंने कच की आवाज सुनी, “गुरुजी, मैं आपके पेट में हूँ।” शुक्राचार्य राक्षसों पर क्रोधित हो गए क्योंकि उन्होंने उनको सूचित किए बिना एक ब्राह्मण की हत्या की। क्रोध में आकर उन्होंने कच को मृत्यु-संजीवनी मंत्र सिखाने का निश्चय किया। उन्होंने उस मंत्र को न देने के अपने संकल्प को तोड़ दिया। उन्होंने कच से कहा, “मैं तुम्हें मंत्र दूंगा। तुम एक अच्छे शिष्य हो। तुम विश्वास घात नहीं करोगे। तुम मेरा पेट फाड़ कर बाहर आओ। बाहर आकर मुझे मंत्र से जीवित कर दो।

शुक्राचार्य ने कच को मंत्र दिया। कच ने बाहर आकर उस मंत्र का जाप करके शुक्राचार्य को जीवित कर दिया। अब जब उसने वह मंत्र सीख लिया, तो वह अपने स्थान पर जाने के लिए तैयार हो गया। उस समय देवयानी ने उससे विवाह करने की इच्छा प्रकाशित की। उत्तर में, कच ने कहा, “आप मेरे गुरुदेव से संबंधित हैं, इसलिए मुझे आपकी सेवा करनी चाहिए, मैं आपसे विवाह नहीं कर सकता।” और उसने देवयानी से विवाह नहीं कीया। तब क्रोधित देवयानी ने उसे यह कहते हुए शाप दिया, “मंत्र का पाठ फलदायी नहीं होगा।” उत्तर में, कच ने कहा, ” मेरा मंत्र का पाठ व्यर्थ हो, किन्तु जिसे मैं यह मंत्र दूंगा वह फलदायी होगा।”

शुक्राचार्य ने तब राक्षसों को निर्देश दिया, “आपको विश्वजीत यज्ञ करना चाहिए। आपको देवताओं से भय है किन्तु इस यज्ञ के बाद वे आपको परास्त नहीं कर पाएंगे। इस यज्ञ से आपको बहुत से अस्त्र-शस्त्र मिलेंगे।” राक्षस उस यज्ञ को करने के लिए तैयार हो गए। भृगु वंश के ब्राह्मणों ने यज्ञ किया। इससे दैत्यों को बहुत शस्त्र मिले। वे इतने शक्तिशाली हो गए कि कोई भी उनके सामने लड़ने की हिम्मत नहीं कर सकता था। और उस शक्ति के साथ, बलि महाराज ने स्वर्ग को घेर लिया। सभी देवता स्वर्ग के राजा इंद्र के पास गए और उनसे कहा, “जिस व्यक्ति को आपने मार डाला उसने अब स्वर्ग को घेर लिया है।” यह सुनकर इंद्र अपने ‘ऐरावत’ नाम के हाथी पर सवार होकर बलि महाराज से युद्ध करने आए। किन्तु बलि महाराज का वैभव देखकर उनके सामने खड़ा भी नहीं हो सके। वे चकित हो गए और भागकर अपने गुरुदेव, बृहस्पति के पास गए। उनसे कहा, “हम एक बड़ी मुसीबत में हैं। राक्षस इतने शक्तिशाली हो गए हैं कि हम उनके सामने खड़े भी नहीं हो सकते। वे इतने शक्तिशाली कैसे हो गए ?”

बृहस्पति ने उत्तर दिया, ” भृगु वंशीय ब्राह्मण बलि महाराज का समर्थन कर रहे हैं, उन्होंने यज्ञ किया जिससे श्री हरि प्रसन्न हैं। उनके द्वारा यज्ञ से बलि महाराज शक्तिशाली हो गए हैं। यदि आप इस समय उससे लड़ने जाएंगे तो आप जीत नहीं पाएंगे। आप निश्चित रूप से बुरी तरह पराजित होंगे। इसलिए यह मेरी आज्ञा है कि तुम अपना स्वर्ग का राज्य छोड़ दो और अंतरिक्ष में छिप जाओ।

बृहस्पति के कहने पर इंद्र और अन्य देवताओं ने स्वर्ग छोड़ दिया और गुप्त रूप से अंतरिक्ष में रहने लगे। अपने पुत्रों की दुर्दशा देखकर उनकी माता अदिति को बहुत दु:ख हुआ। उनके साथ उनके पति कश्यप ऋषि भी नहीं थे। वे तपस्या करने गए थे। उन्होंने भोजन और पानी लेना बंद कर दिया और उदास रहने लगी। वे घर के सभी कामों के प्रति उदासीन रहती थी और दिन-ब-दिन वे क्षीण होती जा रही थी। माता अदिति उत्सुकता से अपने पति कश्यप ऋषि की प्रतीक्षा करने लगी। लंबे समय के बाद, कश्यप ऋषि अपनी तपस्या समाप्त करके घर लौट आए। अपनी पत्नी को दुर्बल और निस्तेज देखकर चकित होकर उन्होंने ने अदिति से पूछा, “तुम्हारा शरीर ऐसा क्यों हो गया है? क्या हुआ है? तुमने किसी ब्राह्मण का अपमान किया होगा।”

अदिति ने उत्तर दिया, “नहीं, नहीं, मैंने ऐसा नहीं किया।”

“तो किसी अतिथि का अनादर किया होगा।”

अदिति ने रोते हुए अपने पति को उत्तर दिया, “राक्षसों ने हमारे पुत्रों को स्वर्ग के राज्य से निकाल दिया है। मैं आपके चरण कमलों से प्रार्थना करती हूँ कि आप कृपया राक्षसों को स्वर्ग से भगाकर मेरे पुत्रों को उनके राज्य में वापस ले आइये। जब तक मेरे पुत्रों को स्वर्ग का राज्य प्राप्त नहीं हो जाता, तब तक मेरा दुःख कम नहीं होगा, मैं जीवित नहीं रहूंगी।”

कश्यप ऋषि ने उत्तर दिया, “तुम इसप्रकार से कैसे मोहित हो गयी? इस अनित्य संसार में फँसकर किसी को अपना मित्र और किसी को शत्रु मान रही हो? तुम देवताओं को अपना और राक्षसों को शत्रु मान रही हो। शत्रु और मित्र के द्वैत का यह दर्शन उन्हें ही होता है जो माया से मोहित हो जाते हैं। व्यक्ति स्वयं ही अपना शत्रु है। कोई और शत्रु नहीं है। यह मानव जन्म भगवान् के भजन के लिए है। यदि हम भजन नहीं करते हैं तो हम जन्म और मृत्यु के चक्र में फंस रहेंगे।

अदिति ने उत्तर दिया, “आपके उपदेश बहुत अच्छे हैं। किन्तु जब तक मेरे पुत्रों को उनका राज्य वापस नहीं मिल जाता, तब तक मुझे प्रसन्नता नहीं होगी।”

कश्यप ऋषि ने सोचा, “अदिति मेरे सभी निर्देशों का पालन करती थी और अब वह उनका पालन करने के लिए तैयार नहीं है। ऐसा क्यों है? हालांकि, वह हमेशा मेरी आज्ञाकारी थी, और अब वह ऐसा बोल रही है। इसके पीछे अवश्य कोई कारण रहा होगा।” सब कुछ परमेश्वर की इच्छा से होता है। देवताओं की सहायता के लिए भगवान् उनके पुत्र के रूप में प्रकट होना चाहते हैं।

उन्होंने कहा, “ठीक है, यदि तुम्हारी प्रबल इच्छा है कि देवताओं को स्वर्ग के राज्य में वापस मिल जाए, तो तुम्हें बारह दिनों के लिए केशव-तोषणीव्रत (केशव को प्रसन्न करने के लिए एक व्रत) करना होगा (उनका एक दिन मनुष्य के एक वर्ष के बराबर होता है अर्थात् बारह वर्ष तक व्रत करना होगा)। भगवान केशव के अलावा और कोई तुम्हारी इस इच्छा को पूरा नहीं कर पाएगा।”

जयदेव गोस्वामी ने लिखा है:

छलयसि विक्रमणे बलिमद्भूत-वामन
पद-नख-नीरजनितजनपावन
केशव धृत-वामन-रूप जय जगदश हरे
(श्री जयदेव का दशावतार-स्तोत्र, पाँचवाँ श्लोक)

क्या केशव और वामन एक दूसरे से अलग हैं? औपचारिक रूप से, वे वही हैं किन्तु उनकी लीलाओं में अंतर है।

कश्यप ऋषि के निर्देशानुसार, माता अदिति ने केशव-तोषणीव्रत किया। भगवान माता अदिति के सामने प्रकट हुए और उन्हें आश्वासन दिया कि उचित समय पर वे उनके पुत्र के रूप में प्रकट होंगे और उनकी इच्छा पूरी करेंगे।

भाद्र मास की द्वादशी को, अभिजीत नक्षत्र के बहुत ही शुभ क्षण में, भगवान अदिति के गर्भ से शंख, चक्र, गदा, पद्म के साथ प्रकट हुए थे। वे पहले भगवान कश्यप ऋषि के हृदय में प्रकट हुए। तब कश्यप ऋषि ने दीक्षा के माध्यम से अदिति को दिव्य ज्ञान प्रदान किया। भगवान पहले अदिति के हृदय में प्रकट हुए और फिर उनके गर्भ में प्रवेश किया। जब ब्रह्मा और अन्य देवताओं ने अनुभव किया कि भगवान अदिति के गर्भ में प्रकट हुए हैं, तो वे अदिति के गर्भ की स्तुति करने लगे।

कश्यप ऋषि और माता अदिति ने देखा कि जैसे ही भगवान उनके सामने चतुर्भुज में प्रकट हुए, साथ-साथ उन्होंने चमत्कारिक रूप से एक बटु (वामन) का रूप धारण किया। वामन के सुंदर रूप को देखकर कश्यप ऋषि और माता अदिति आनंद से भर उठे और अपने बच्चे के प्रति स्नेह से पूरी तरह अभिभूत हो गए। बच्चे के सभी जन्म संस्कार (शुद्धिकरण अनुष्ठान) शास्त्रों के निर्देशों के अनुसार किए गए। वामनदेव के उपनयन समारोह में, स्वयं सूर्य-भगवान ने उन्हें मंत्र प्रदान किये, बृहस्पति ने उन्हें यज्ञोपवित भेंट किया, कश्यप ऋषि ने उन्हें एक कमरबंद दिया, धरती माता ने उन्हें बैठने के लिए एक मृग-चर्म और चन्द्र-देवता, जो वनों के राजा हैं, ने उन्हें एक ब्रह्म-दंड (ब्रह्मचारी का दंड) दिया। माता अदिति ने उन्हें कौपिन-वासन दिया, स्वर्ग के राजा इन्द्र ने उन्हें एक छाता दिया, भगवान ब्रह्मा ने उन्हें एक कमंडलु दिया, सप्त-ऋषियों उन्हें कुश-घास का आसन दिया, सरस्वती ने उन्हें रुद्राक्ष की एक माला दी, कुवेर ने भिक्षा-पात्र दिया और माता भगवती ने उन्हें भिक्षा दी।

उपनयन संस्कार के बाद ब्राह्मण को भिक्षा मांगने जाना पड़ता है। इस प्रथा का पालन करते हुए, वामनदेव ने भिक्षा मांगने के लिए अपना दंड, कमण्डलु और छाता लेकर, बलि महाराज की यज्ञ-स्थली की ओर प्रस्थान किया। बलि महाराज ने नर्मदा नदी के तट पर भृगुकच्छ के नाम से विख्यात क्षेत्र में यज्ञ का अनुष्ठान आरंभ किया था। वामनदेव अपना छाता पकड़े हुए चल रहे थे। आकार में छोटे होने के कारण वे पूरी तरह से छतरी से ढके हुए थे। जब ब्राह्मणों ने उन्हें दूर से देखा तो उन्हें लगा कि छाता अपने आप चल रहा है, तो वे बहुत चकित हुए कि छाता अपने आप कैसे चलकर जा सकता है। बाद में वे दौड़कर आगे गए तो उन्होंने देखा कि छाते के नीचे छोटे कद का ब्राह्मण लड़का है। जो यज्ञ-स्थली में पहले पहुंचेगा उसे अधिक दान मिलेगा, इसलिए बाकि ब्राहमणों के कहा तुम पीछे रहो हम आगे जायेंगे और उन्होंने उनसे आगे निकलने का बहुत प्रयास किया किन्तु भगवान् की माया से वे फिर पीछे हो जाते थे। वामनदेव ने अपनी माया से सभी ब्राह्मणों को हतप्रभ कर दिया और सब से पहले यज्ञ स्थली में पहुंच गए। वामनदेव का शत सूर्य की भांति तेजस्वी परम सुन्दर रूप देखकर सब चकित रह गए, उन्होंने अपने तेज़ से यज्ञ में प्रजवलित अग्नि के तेज़ तो भी एकदम फीका कर दिया। वहाँ उपस्थित लोग यह तो नहीं समझ पाए कि वे स्वयं भगवान् हैं किन्तु उनको कोई विशेष प्रभावशाली ब्राहमण समझकर सब अपने आसन से उठे और उचित सम्मान देकर उनका स्वागत किया। उचित विधि-विधान अनुसार उनकी पूजा करने के बाद, बलि महाराज ने भगवान वामनदेव से इस प्रकार कहा: “आप निश्चित रूप से मुझसे कुछ माँगने आए हैं। इसलिए, जो कुछ आप चाहेंगे, चाहे वह धन हो या राज्य, मैं आपको दूंगा। यदि आप विवाह करने की इच्छा रखते हैं, तो मैं आपकी इच्छा के अनुसार आपको एक योग्य कन्या दूँगा।”

बटु वामनदेव ने उत्तर दिया, “मैं आपको और आपके महान वंश के पूर्वजो को जानता हूँ। आपने हिरण्याक्ष और हिरण्यकश्यप वंश में जन्म लिया है। आपके पितामह प्रह्लाद महाभागवत थे। उनके स्मरण मात्र से ही जीव शुद्ध हो जाता है। आपके पिता विरोचन, एक ब्राह्मण को दान देने का वचन देने के बाद उसे पूरा करने में कभी असफल नहीं हुए। मुझे ज्ञात है कि आप भी अपना वचन पूरा करने से पीछे नहीं हटेंगे। इसलिए मैं आपसे त्रिपाद भूमि माँगता हूँ।”

यह सुनकर बलि महाराज ने मुस्कुराते हुए कहा, “आपने मेरे पूर्वजों के उन महान कार्यों का वर्णन किया है, जिनके बारे में मुझे भी पता नहीं था। हालाँकि, आपने बहुत तुच्छ चीज़ की भिक्षा माँगी है।आपके छोटे कदमों से मापी गई तीन पग भूमि प्राप्त करने से क्या उद्देश्य पूरा हो सकता है? क्या आप जानते हैं मैं कौन हूँ? मैं तीनों लोकों का स्वामी हूँ। मैं आप को जम्बूद्वीप (एशिया) दे सकता हूँ। मुझ से भिक्षा ग्रहण करने के बाद यदि आप किसी और से भिक्षा मांगेंगे, तो मेरा अपयश होगा। इसलिए मैं आपसे अनुरोध करता हूँ कि कृपया आप इस विषय पर पुनर्विचार करें।”

श्री वामनदेव ने कहा, “मैं जानता हूँ कि आप तीनों लोकों के स्वामी हैं और आप मुझे बहुत कुछ दे सकते हैं। किन्तु मैं ब्राह्मण हूँ। ब्राह्मण को थोड़े से ही संतुष्ट होना चाहिए। यदि ब्राह्मण अनेक इन्द्रियतृप्ति के विषयों की इच्छा रखते हैं, तो वे अपना तेज़ खो देते हैं। इन्द्रियतृप्ति की इच्छा कभी समाप्त नहीं होती। यदि आप मुझे जम्बूद्वीप दोगे, तो मैं सारी पृथ्वी को चाहूँगा। आगे मैं रसातल, फिर स्वर्ग और अंत में ब्रह्मा की पदवी की भी कामना करूंगा। इसका कोई अंत नहीं है। आपके द्वारा दिए गए दान के रूप में, मैं अपने कदमों से मापी गई त्रिपाद भूमि से ही संतुष्ट हो जाऊंगा।”

उस समय राक्षसों के गुरु शुक्राचार्य भी वहाँ उपस्थित थे। वे समझ गए कि भगवान विष्णु देवताओं के उद्देश्य को पूरा करने के लिए एक बटु ब्राह्मण के रूप में प्रकट हुए हैं। त्रिपाद भूमि के बहाने वे अपने शिष्य बलि से तीनों लोकों को छीन लेंगे।

शुक्राचार्य ने अपने शिष्य का कल्याण चाहते हुए बलि महाराज से कहा, “बलि! तुम इस बौने ब्राह्मण की वास्तव पहचान नहीं जानते। वे स्वयं भगवान् हैं। देवताओं के उद्देश्य को पूरा करने के लिए, वे तुमसे दान मांगने आए हैं। वे त्रिविक्रम रूप धारण कर तीन पग भूमि मांगने के बहाने वे तुमसे तीनों लोकों को छीन लेगे। तब तुम कहाँ रहोगे? क्या करोगे? बिना धन के, तुम अपने धर्मार्थ और धार्मिक कर्तव्यों का पालन कैसे करोगे? वे एक पग में ही सम्पूर्ण आकाश को घेर लेंगे तुम त्रिपाद भूमि दे नहीं पाओगे इसलिये मेरा तुम्हें यह उपदेश है, कि तुम उन्हें भूमि न देना।” अपने गुरु के इन शब्दों को सुनकर, बलि महाराज ने कहा, “मैंने एक ब्राह्मण को अपना वचन को दिया है। आप कहते है ये भगवान् हैं और फिर कहते हैं मैं उन्हें दान ना दूँ? गुरु तो शिष्य को भगवान् की सेवा में नियोजित करते हैं और यदि ये भगवान हैं तो मैं देने से मना भी कर दूं तो भी वे बलपूर्वक ले लेंगे। मैं वचन दे चूका हूँ अपना वचन कैसे तोड़ सकता हूँ? मैं झूठ कैसे बोल सकता हूँ? यदि यह बौना ब्राह्मण स्वयं भगवान है, तो मुझे दान के लिए उनसे अधिक योग्य पात्र कहाँ मिल सकता है?

शुक्राचार्य ने फिर से बलि को यह कहकर समझाने का प्रयास किया, “देखो बलि, कुछ विशेष परिस्थितियों में धर्म और धन की रक्षा के लिए झूठ भी बोलना पड़ता है, नहीं तो धर्मं और धन की रक्षा नहीं होती है; उदाहरण के लिए, यदि कोई धनि व्यक्ति सब जगह यह कहेता रहे कि उसके पास कितना धन है तो उसका धन सुरक्षित नहीं रहता। चोर, डाकू, income tax officer, sale tax officer सब उसका धन छीन लेंगे। यदि किसी का धन सुरक्षित नहीं है, तो धर्म(धार्मिक कार्य) भी संरक्षित नहीं है। शुक्राचार्य ने कहा कौन बोलता है कि झूठ बोलना ठीक नहीं है, यदि कोई दुष्ट व्यक्ति एक सती स्त्री का सतीत्व नष्ट करने के लिए उसका पीछा कर रहा है और यदि वह कहीं छिप जाती है, कोई एक दूसरा व्यक्ति यह जानता है कि वह स्त्री कहाँ छिपी हुई है। दुष्ट व्यक्ति आकर यदि उससे उस स्त्री के बारे में पूछे तो उस समय उस व्यक्ति के लिए सच बोलना अधर्म है और झूठ बोलना धर्म है। अतः सभी परिस्थितियों में सत्य बोलना धर्म नहीं है। इसलिए तुम्हें उसे कभी भी तीन कदम भूमि नहीं देनी चाहिए। यह, फिर से, मेरा निर्देश है। शुक्राचार्य के इसप्रकार के निर्देश देने के बाद भी, जब उन्होंने देखा कि बलि महाराज अपने वचन से पीछे नहीं हटेंगे, तो शुक्राचार्य ने क्रोधित होकर बलि को अभिशाप दिया कि उनका सम्पूर्ण ऐश्वर्य नष्ट हो जाये।

बलि महाराज अपने गुरु द्वारा शाप दिए जाने के बाद भी अपने वचन पर खरे उतरे। वे दान देने के उद्देश्य से संकल्प करने के लिए नल से कमण्डलु में जल निकालने लगे। शुक्राचार्य अपने शिष्य की मूर्खता को सहन नहीं कर पा रहे थे, और स्नेह-वात्सल्य के कारण वे नल के मुख में प्रवेश कर गए थे, जिससे पानी बहना बंद हो गया। तब बलि महाराज ने तिनके की सहायता से अवरुद्ध जल का मार्ग साफ करना आरंभ किया। इससे अन्दर बैठे शुक्राचार्य की एक आंख नष्ट हो गई। शुक्राचार्य ‘काना शुक्र’ कहलाने लगे। अन्यथा सोचकर शुक्राचार्य के चरणों में अपराध नहीं करना चाहिए। ऐसा उन्होंने अपने शिष्य के प्रति स्नेह-वात्सल्य के कारण किया।

बलि महाराज की पत्नी का नाम विंध्यावली और उनकी पुत्री का नाम रत्नावली था। बौने वामन की सुंदरता देखकर, रत्नावली का माता की तरह वात्सल्य भाव उदित हुआ और उसे बटु वामन को गोद में उठाकर स्तनपान कराने और चुम्बन करने की इच्छा हुई।

जैसे ही बलि महाराज ने जब हाथ में जल लेकर भूमि-दान करने का संकल्प लिया, तब बटु ब्राह्मण बड़े होने लगे, बड़े होते-होते विशाल त्रिविक्रम रूप धारण किया, और पुरे नभो-मंडल को आच्छादन करते हुए उन्होंने अपने दो चरणों से ही तीनों लोकों पर अधिकार कर लिया। तीनों लोकों का अतिक्रमण करते हुए वे सत्यलोक पहुंच गए। भगवान के चरण कमलों को देखकर ब्रह्मा और अन्य देवता बहुत प्रसन्न हुए। उन्होंने उचित विधिनुसार से उन चरणकमलों की पूजा की। वामनदेव ने तब बलि महाराज से एक पैर भूमि मांगी। भगवान वामन ने चेतावनी दी, ” एक और पैर रखने के लिए भूमि कहाँ है? तुम वचन देकर मुकर रहे हो, तुम्हारे पिता ने ऐसा कभी नहीं किया।”

बलि महाराज ने उत्तर दिया, “मेरा सब कुछ चला गया किन्तु मैं इससे दु:खी नहीं हूँ। हालाँकि, मैं अपना वचन पूरा करने में असमर्थ हूँ इस कारण से दु:खी हूँ। भगवान् ने तब गरुड़ को आज्ञा दी कि बलि को वरुण पास से बांध दिया जाए। जब बलि महाराज को बंदी बना लिया गया, राक्षस क्रोधित हो गए और वामनदेव को मारने के लिए उनके पास पहुंचे, तब अद्भुत नारायणी सेना वामनदेव के शरीर से निकली और राक्षसों से लड़ने लगी। नारायणी सेना द्वारा राक्षसों को मरते देख बलि महाराज ने उन्हें युद्ध रोकने के लिए कहा। उन्होंने कहा, “हमारा समय अभी अशुभ है, इसलिए लड़ाई का परिणाम भी अशुभ होगा।” तब वामनदेव ने बलि महाराज के पास जाकर कहा, “तुम्हारे वंश में किसी ने ब्राह्मण को वचन देकर तोडा नहीं। तुम मुझे एक कदम और भूमि क्यों नहीं दे रहे हो? तुम धार्मिक हो, फिर भी अधार्मिक व्यवहार कर रहे हो।”

बलि महाराज की पत्नी, विंध्यावली, एक धर्मपरायण और भक्तिपूर्ण स्त्री थी। उसने अपने पति से कहा, “आपने आपके पास जो कुछ संपत्ति थी, वह वामनदेव को दे दी, वास्तव में सब कुछ तो भगवान् का ही था किन्तु आपने स्वयं को तो नहीं दिया है, यह सबकुछ मेरा है—इस मिथ्याभिमान को तो नहीं दिया।” अपनी भक्तिमयी पत्नी के वचनों को सुनकर बलि महाराज संतुष्ट हुए और उन्होंने वामनदेव को एक और चरण रखने के लिए स्थान के रूप में अपना मस्तक आगे कर दिया। उस समय वामनदेव के नाभि-कमल से एक पैर निकला और बलि महाराज के मस्तक के ऊपर स्थापित हुआ। बलि महाराज ने उन चरण कमलों का स्पर्श प्राप्त किया, जो ब्रह्मा और अन्य देवताओं के लिए भी दुर्लभ है। बलि महाराज के महान भाग्य को देखकर, स्वर्ग में दुंदुभी बजने लगी, पुष्पों की वर्षा हुई और बलि महाराज की जय-जयकार होने लगी। बहुत प्रसन्न होकर भगवान वामनदेव ने बलि महाराज से कहा, “मैं तुमसे बहुत प्रसन्न हूँ। अब तक तुम देने वाले दाता थे और मैं ग्रहीता था। अब मैं दाता हूँ और तुम ग्रहीता हो। तुम जो चाहोगे मैं तुम्हें वह दूंगा।” हमारी तरह कोई संसार में आसक्त व्यक्ति होता तो कहेता आपने जो ले लिया वह सब वापस कर दीजिए। किन्तु बलि महाराज प्रार्थना की, “हे भगवन् ! आपके पादपद्म, जो आपने मेरे मस्तक पर रखे हैं, सदैव वहीं रहें।”

हमें भगवान् से सांसारिक धन और सांसारिक लाभ की इच्छा नहीं करनी चाहिए। बलि महाराज से प्रसन्न होकर, वामनदेव ने उन्हें सुतल-पुरी का आधिपत्य दिया जो वैकुंठ की भांति परम आनंदमय है, और सुदर्शनचक्र को सदैव उनकी रक्षा करने का आदेश दिया।

पार्श्व-एकादशी के दिन वामन देव ने सुतल-पुरी में बलि महाराज के आश्रम में अपने विग्रह की स्थापना की। इस प्रकार वामन देव अपने एक रूप में सदा के लिए सुतल-पुरी में बलि महाराज के पास निवास कर रहे हैं। वह वैकुंठ बन गया,वामन देव का नित्य स्थान बन गया। और दूसरे रूप वे अनंतदेव के रूप में क्षीरसागर में रहते हैं।

 

Glories of Vaman Deva

Service of the Lord and self-surrender to His lotus feet never result in loss for anyone. Out of foolishness, the ignorant living entity prays for insignificant things from the Supreme Lord. One can achieve the completely blissful Supreme Lord by sincere surrender or devotion without ulterior motive. Bali Maharaj achieved the Supreme Lord by the ātma-nivedana (self-surrender) process of Bhakti.

In Treta-yuga, once, when Bali Maharaj was the king of the demons, Indra, the king of the demigods, killed Bali Maharaj and his chief generals in a fight between the demigods and the demons. When Devaraja Indra began killing the demons with the vow of annihilating the entire demon dynasty, grandfather Brahma came to know about it and sent Narada Risi to stop him from such a heinous act. When Narada Risi informed Indra about the order of Brahma to stop killing the demons, only then did he cease.

Sukracharya, the family priest of the demons, revived Bali Maharaj and his chief generals and demons by using the art of mṛta-saṁjīvanī . Seeing the act of Sukracharya all the demigods became worried.

The demigods thought, “Sukracharya knows mṛta-saṁjīvanī (knowledge of giving life to the dead) so what is the use of killing the demons? Sukracharya will make them alive again. We should learn that science from him. Who will go to learn that?”

They thought, “The son of Brihaspati, Kacha, is very beautiful and well-behaved. If he goes then Sukracharya and his daughter, Devyani, will get attracted to him and then by staying there he can learn that mantra from him.”

They informed Kacha to go to Sukracharya. Kacha went there and offered obeisance to Sukracharya and Devyani. Seeing his beauty both of them got attracted to him. He said, “I have come to become your disciple. I am the son of Brihaspati.” Sukracharya replied, “Okay.” Then Kacha stayed there and served Sukracharya for five hundred years. One day he went outside the Ashram and there the other demons saw him. They thought, “He is not like us. He looks like a son of a demigod.”

They asked him, “Where have you come from?”

He replied, “I am the son of Brihaspati.”

“What are you doing here? This place is for the disciples of Sukracharya.”

They understood that there is something wrong in his intention of being there. They felt danger from him. So, immediately the demons took him from there, killed him, cut his body into pieces and served it to the wild animals like dogs and jackals. Here, Devyani is worried about him thinking why is he not returning? She said to his father, “Why is he not returning today. I fear other demons must have killed him. You please use the mṛta-saṁjīvanī mantra and make him alive.”

Sukracharya replied, “Mṛta-saṁjīvanī is not to be used everywhere.”

She started crying. Seeing his daughter crying he agreed to use his mantra to make Kacha alive. As soon as he recited the mantra, all the animals, whoever had eaten Kacha, their bellies burst and they died. All the body pieces of him came out from their bellies and got reunited and he became alive. Such a power that mantra has!

Then after a few days the demons again saw Kacha, they thought, “Oh! We had killed him and he has come back again. Our Gurudeva is acting as our enemy. He made him alive. He is helping out our enemies.” The demons went near him and they killed him one more time. This time they made his body like water and mixed it with the sea-water. Again on Devyani’s request, Sukracharya recited that mantra and made him alive.

Now this time Kacha is not going out from Sukracharya’s place but the demons came to the Ashram and saw him there. This time they thought, “We should make our Guru learn a lesson.” Those days Brahmins used to drink wine (Sura). (After Sukracharya’s curse they stopped drinking it.) The demons again killed Kacha and mixed his body with Sukracharya’s wine. He drank it. Now again on Devyani’s request Sukracharya recited the mantra to make him alive. This time he heard Kacha’s voice, “Guruji, I am in your stomach.” Sukracharya got angry at the demons as they had killed a Brahmin. Out of anger, he decided to teach the mṛta-saṁjīvanī mantra to Kacha. He neglected his own vow of not giving that mantra to anyone. He said to Kacha, “I will give you the mantra. You are a good disciple. You will not deceive me. You come out by tearing my stomach. After coming out make me alive by the mantra.”

He gave the mantra to Kacha. He came out and made Sukracharya alive by reciting that mantra. Now as he has learned that mantra, he was ready to go to his place. That time Devyani expressed her desire to marry him. In reply, Kacha said, “You are related to my Gurudeva so I have to serve you, I cannot marry you.” And he did not marry her. Then the enraged Devyani, cursed him saying, “Your recitation of the mantra will not be fruitful.” In reply, Kacha said, “Let my recitation of the mantra be futile but to whomever I will give this mantra will be fruitful.”

Sukracharya then instructed the demons, “You should perform the Viswajeet sacrifice. You fear the demigods but after the performance of this sacrifice they will not be able to cause any harm to you. You will get a lot of weapons by this sacrifice.”

The demons agreed to perform that sacrifice. The brahmins of the Bhrigu dynasty performed the sacrifice. By that the demons got a lot of weapons. They became so powerful that nobody would dare to come in front of them to fight. And with that strength, Bali Maharaj captured the heavenly planets. All the demigods went to the king of heaven, Indra and told him, “The person whom you killed has now captured the heavenly planets.” Hearing so, Indra came on his elephant named ‘Airavat’ to fight with Bali Maharaj. But on seeing the splendor of Bali Maharaj, he could not even stand in front of him. He was astonished and ran to his Gurudeva, Brihaspati. He told him, “We are in a big trouble. The demons have become so powerful that we cannot even stand in front of them. Why have they become so powerful?”

Brihaspati replied, “The Brahmin descendants of Bhrigu who are dear to Sri Hari, are backing Bali Maharaj. Bali Maharaj has become powerful by the sacrifices performed by them. If you go to fight with him at this time, you will be unable to win. You will certainly be badly defeated. Therefore my advice to all of you is that you give up your kingdom of heaven and hide in space.”

On the advice of Brihaspati, Indra and the other demigods left heaven and began to live clandestinely in space. Seeing the plight of their sons, their mother, Aditi got severely aggrieved. Her husband, Kashyapa Risi was also not there with her. He had gone to perform penance. She stopped taking food and water and existed in a depressed state. Because she was constantly sorrowful and indifferent to all the housework, her home lost its beauty. Day by day she became increasingly emaciated. Mother Aditi anxiously began to wait for her husband Kashyapa Risi who was engaged in performing austerities. After a long period of time, Kashyapa Risi returned home having finished his austerities. Surprised at seeing the house lusterless and his wife weak and pale, he asked Aditi, “Why has your body become like this? What has happened? You must have disrespected a Brahmin.”

She replied, “No, No, I did not do so.”

“You must have disrespected a guest (Atithi).”

Aditi, weepingly replied to her husband, “The demons have driven our sons out of the kingdom of heaven. I pray to your lotus feet that you will please take action to expel the demons and return my sons to their kingdom. Until my sons regain the kingdom of heaven, my sorrow will not be alleviated.”

Kashyapa Risi responded, “You have an illusion! Being entangled in this temporary world, are you considering someone as your friend and someone as the enemy? You are considering the demigods as your own and the demons as your enemies. This vision of the duality of the enemy and friend only occurs to those who are infatuated by the illusory energy (Maya) of the Supreme Lord. My mind is my enemy. No one else is my enemy. This human birth is for the worship of Supreme Lord. If we do not worship Him then we will get entrapped in the cycle of repeated births and deaths.”

She replied, “Your instructions are very good. But I will not be happy till my sons get their kingdom back.”

Kashyapa Risi thought, “She used to follow all my instructions and now she is not ready to follow them. Why is it so? There must be some reason behind it. Everything happens by the will of the Supreme Lord. He wants to manifest here in the form of her son to help the demigods. And because of that, though, she was always obedient to me, and now she is speaking so.”

He said, “Okay, if it is your strong desire that the demigods are to return to their kingdom of heaven, then you will have to perform the Keshav a-toshani-vrata (a fast to please Keshava) for twelve days (One celestial day is equal to one year of the human beings, i.e., three and sixty five days) by drinking only milk. Other than Lord Keshava, no one will be able to fulfill this desire of yours.”

Jayadeva Goswami has written:

chalayasi vikramaṇe balim adbhuta-vaman
pada-nakha-nīra-janita-jana-pāvana
keśava dhṛta-vaman-rūpa jaya jagadīśa hare
(Sri Jayadeva’s Daśāvatāra-stotra, fifth Verse)

“O Keshava! You assumed the form of Vaman to trick the great demon Bali Maharaj by Your steps, and to purify all the living entities by the water that emanated from the nails of Your lotus feet. All glories unto You, Lord of the universe.”

Are Keshava and Vaman different from each other? Ontologically, They are the same but the difference is there in terms of Their pastimes.

As per the instructions of Kashyapa Risi, Mother Aditi performed the Keshava-toshani-vrata, subjecting herself to severe austerity while observing proper usage and custom. At the end of the fast, the Lord appeared before Mother Aditi and assured her that He would appear as her son at the proper time under auspicious indications and would fulfill her desire.

On the twelfth day of the month of Bhadra, at the very auspicious moment of the Abhijita Nakshatra (star), Lord Narayan appeared from the womb of Aditi as Shyamasundara (sweet and dark complexioned) Pitambar-dhari (dressed in yellow garments) holding a conch, disc, club, and lotus. As predicted, at an auspicious time the Lord appeared in the heart of Kashyapa Risi. Kashyapa Rishi then imparted the divine knowledge to Aditi through initiation. The Lord first appeared in the heart of Aditi and then entered into her womb. When Brahma and the other demigods realised that the Supreme Lord had appeared, they began to offer prayers to the womb of Aditi.

Kashyapa Risi and Mother Aditi saw that as soon as the Lord had appeared before them in a four handed form, He miraculously assumed the form of a dwarf (Vaman), although He was perfectly proportioned. Kasyapa Risi and Mother Aditi became filled with great bliss upon seeing the beautiful form of Vaman, and were completely overwhelmed with affection for their child. All the birth saṁskāras (purificatory rituals) of the child were performed according to the directions of the scriptures. At the sacred thread ceremony of Vaman Deva, the sun-god himself instructed Him in the mantra, Brihaspati presented Him with the sacred thread, Kashyapa Rishi gave Him a straw belt (a girdle), Mother Earth gave Him a deerskin to sit on and the moon-god, who is the king of the forests, gave Him a Brahma-danda (the rod of a Brahmachari). Mother Aditi gave Him Kaupina-vasan (sacred inner cloth), the Presiding Deity of heaven offered Him an umbrella, Lord Brahma gave Him a water-pot, the seven sages offered Him Kusha-grass, Saraswati gave Him a string of Rudraksha beads, Kubera gave Him a pot for begging alms, and Bhagavati, the mother of the universe, gave Him alms.

A new Brahmana will beg alms after the sacred thread ceremony. Following this custom, Vaman Deva set out for the sacrificial arena of Bali Maharaj, holding His Danda, water-pot and umbrella to beg alms from him. Bali Maharaj had begun the performance of a fire-sacrifice in the field known as Bṛgukaccha on the bank of the Narmada River. Vaman Deva was walking while holding His umbrella. Being small in size, He was completely covered by the umbrella. When the Brahmanas saw Him from a distance, they thought that the umbrella was walking by itself, so they were very astonished. Later, they understood that a Brahmana boy of small stature was underneath the umbrella. The Brahmana tried very hard to overtake him, but were unable to do so. Vaman Deva bewildered all the Brahmana with His Maya and became the first to arrive at the sacrificial arena. The auspicious arrival of Vaman Deva in His brilliant effulgent form diminished the brilliance of the sacrificial fire. Understanding that a great personality had arrived, Bali Maharaj, his priests and others present there, rose up from their seats and welcomed the Lord by offering proper respects. Considering Him to be a great Brahmana, Bali Maharaj offered his obeisances and then sprinkled on his own head the water with which he had washed the Lord’s lotus feet. After worshipping Him according to the proper customs, Bali Maharaj spoke to Lord Vaman Deva as follows: “You have surely come here to ask me for something. Therefore, whatever You desire, be it wealth or a kingdom, I shall give it to You. If You have the desire to marry, I shall give You a qualified girl as per Your desire.”

The dwarf Vaman Deva replied, “I know the previous members of your very exalted dynasty. You have taken birth in the dynasty of the uncommon warriors like Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu. Your grandfather Prahlad was a Maha-bhagavata. Just by remembering him, the jīva (living entity) is purified. Your father Virochana, after promising charity to a Brahmana, never failed to fulfil his promise. I know that you also will not refuse to fulfill your promise. Therefore I ask you for three steps of land.”

Upon hearing this, Bali Maharaj smilingly said, “You have narrated those great deeds of my ancestors which even I had no knowledge of. However, You have begged for a very insignificant thing. I see that You are a little Brahmana; therefore, Your intelligence is also little. What purpose could be served by obtaining three paces of land, measured by Your small steps? Do you know who I am? I am the owner of the three worlds. By my desire I can give You all of Jambudvipa (Asia). After accepting alms from me, if You beg alms from anyone else, it will disgrace my name as a great charitable person. Therefore, I request You to please reconsider this matter.”

Sri Vaman Deva said, “I know that you are the owner of the three worlds and that you can give Me many things. But I am a Brahmana. A Brahmana should be satisfied with little. If Brahmana desire many objects of sense gratification, they lose their spiritual potency. One’s desire for sense gratification never ends. If you give Me Jambudvīpa, I will desire the whole earth. Next I will desire Rasatala, then heaven, and finally the position of Brahma. There is no end to this. Material things are of no use to the soul. As a charity given by you, I shall be satisfied with three paces of land as measured by My steps.”

At that time, Sukracharya, the spiritual master of the demons, was also present there. He understood that Lord Vishnu had appeared in the form of a dwarf Brahmana to fulfil the motive of the demigods. On the pretext of begging for three steps of land, He would take the three worlds from his disciple Bali, leaving him bereft of his kingdom. Foolishly, Bali Maharaj, not knowing the real identity of this little dwarf Brahmana, was inclined to fulfil His request.

Sukracharya, desiring the welfare of his disciple, spoke to Bali Maharaj, “Bali! You do not know the real identity of this dwarf Brahmana who has come to you. He is the Supreme Lord Himself. To fulfil the motive of the demigods, He has come to beg charity from you. On the pretext of asking for three steps of land, He will take away the three worlds from you. Where will you live then? What will you do? With no wealth, how will you perform your charitable and religious duties? Therefore my instruction to you is that you should not give Him the land.” Hearing these words of his guru, Bali Maharaj said, “I have given my word to a Brahmana. How can I break my promise? How can I tell a lie? If this dwarf Brahmana is the Supreme Lord Himself, where can I find a better or more qualified candidate for charity? Even if I refuse to give, He will take it by force. Being my guru, why are you creating such obstacles? On the other hand if He is only a dwarf Brahmana how much land can He take by the measure of His three steps? I will not be able to abandon the decision that I have made to give in charity now.”

Sukracharya again tried to convince Bali by saying, “Look Bali, in some special circumstances, one should even tell falsehoods for the protection of Dharma (righteous act) and wealth; for example, how much wealth one has. By not keeping this secret, one’s wealth does not remain safe. If one’s wealth is not safe, Dharma (righteous act) is not preserved. If one nasty person is chasing one chaste young lady to ruin her character and if she hides somewhere then for a person who knows where she has hidden herself, speaking the truth is Adharm (unrighteous act) and speaking false is Dharm (righteous act). So speaking truth in all the situations is not Dharm (righteous act). As soon as you pronounce the words for your promise of charity, this dwarf Brahmana will assume a very large Trivikrama form. He will occupy the sky with His body, and with His two steps He will cover the three worlds. You will then not be able to keep your word. Therefore, you should never give Him the three steps of land. This, again, is my instruction.” Even after instructing him in this way, when he saw that Bali Maharaj would not renege on his promise, Sukracharya became filled with rage and cursed Bali to lose his opulence.

Bali Maharaj held true to his promise even after being cursed by his guru. He began to draw water from the water-pot with the intention of offering charity, but while doing so, he saw that there was no water coming out from the pot due to the spout being blocked. The reason for this was that Sukracharya had been unable to tolerate the foolishness of his disciple, and out of affection for him had entered into the water pot, thereby preventing the water from flowing out. Bali Maharaj then began to clear the blocked spout with the help of a stick from the broom. This destroyed one eye of Sukracharya. One should not commit an offense to the feet of Sukracharya by thinking otherwise. He did so out of his affection for his disciple. It is said that because of his obstructing service to the Supreme Lord, Sukracharya became known as ‘Kānā Shukra’ (Kānā, blind in one eye). However this incident has not been mentioned in the Srimad-Bhagavatam.

Bali Maharaj’s wife’s name was Vindhyavali and his daughter’s name is Ratnavali. On seeing the beauty of the dwarf Vaman, out of motherly affection, Ratnavali had the desire to feed Him with her breast milk and to take Him in her lap and kiss Him.

As Bali Maharaj recited the words of his promise with water from the water-pot, the dwarf Brahmana assumed an immense Trivikrama form, occupying the sky with His body, and then took over the three worlds with His two steps. The inconceivably powerful Supreme Lord’s lotus feet encroached upon the three worlds and reached Satyaloka. Seeing the Lord’s lotus feet, Brahma and other demigods became very pleased. They worshipped those lotus feet according to proper custom. Vaman Deva then asked Bali Maharaj for one more pace of land. Lord Vaman warned, “Breaking your promise after giving your word will be an irreligious act.”

Bali Maharaj replied, “I am bereft of everything but I am not upset about this. However, I am unable to fulfil my promise and, due to this fact, I am sad and in mental agony. You have acquired everything of mine with Your two steps. There is nothing else of mine remaining to give.” Upon seeing that everything had been lost to Lord Vaman Deva, the demons became determined to recapture their kingdom. When the demons approached Vaman Deva to kill Him, a wonderful Narayani army emanated from the body of Vishnu and began to fight with the demons. Seeing the killing of the demons by the Narayani forces, Bali Maharaj asked them to stop the fight. He said, “Our time is now inauspicious, so the result of the fight will also be inauspicious.” The bird king Garuda, understanding the desire of Lord Vishnu, bound Bali Maharaj with the ropes of Varuna. When Bali Maharaj was bound with ropes, a universal cry of distress spread everywhere in the heavens and on earth. Then Vaman Deva approached Bali Maharaj and said, “In your dynasty, no one has broken his word after promising to a Brahmana. You took an oath that you will give Me three steps of land. Why are you not giving Me one more step of land? You are religious, yet you are behaving irreligiously.”

Bali Maharaj’s wife, Vindhyavali, was a pious and devotionally inclined lady. She said to her husband, “You have given Vaman Deva whatever material possessions you had, but you have not given your very self.” Bali Maharaj was greatly delighted upon hearing the timely and wise words of his devotionally inclined wife. He directed Vaman Deva toward his head as a place for the remaining step of land. At that time, a foot emerged from the lotus navel of Vaman Deva and rested on the head of Bali Maharaj. Bali Maharaj achieved the touch of those lotus feet, which is rare even for Brahma and other demigods. On witnessing the great fortune of Bali Maharaj, the kettledrums sounded in heaven and flowers showered down. Being greatly pleased, Lord Vaman Deva spoke to Bali Maharaj, “I am very pleased with you. You have not fallen from your Dharma (religious act). You did not deviate from the truth in spite of being cursed by your Gurudeva. Until now you were the giver and I was the receiver. Now I am the giver and you are the receiver. I shall give you whatever you want.” Having completely surrendered to the Lord, Bali Maharaj did not ask Him for his lost wealth like a materialistic person. He prayed, “O Lord Vaman Deva! May Your soothing lotus feet, which You have placed on my head, always remain there.”

We should not desire the worldly wealth and worldly benefits from the Supreme Lord. Being pleased with Bali Maharaj, Vaman Deva awarded him the Sutala planet, which is supremely blissful like Vaikuntha, and ordered the Sudarśana-cakra to protect that abode of a Bhakta (devotee) in every way.

On the day of this Parshva-ekadashi, Vaman Deva has established His deity in Bali Maharaj’s Ashram in Sutal-puri. Thus Vaman Deva in His one form is eternally residing in Sutal-puri. It has become Vaikuntha. And in another form He resides in Kshirsagara where Ananta Deva resides.

Service of the Lord and self-surrender to His lotus feet never result in loss for anyone. Out of foolishness, the ignorant living entity prays for insignificant things from the Supreme Lord. One can achieve the completely blissful Supreme Lord by sincere surrender or devotion without ulterior motive. Bali Maharaj achieved the Supreme Lord by the ātma-nivedana (self-surrender) process of Bhakti.

Service of the Lord and self-surrender to His lotus feet never result in loss for anyone. Out of foolishness, the ignorant living entity prays for insignificant things from the Supreme Lord. One can achieve the completely blissful Supreme Lord by sincere surrender or devotion without ulterior motive. Bali Maharaj achieved the Supreme Lord by the ātma-nivedana (self-surrender) process of Bhakti.

In Treta-yuga, once, when Bali Maharaj was the king of the demons, Indra, the king of the demigods, killed Bali Maharaj and his chief generals in a fight between the demigods and the demons. When Devaraja Indra began killing the demons with the vow of annihilating the entire demon dynasty, grandfather Brahma came to know about it and sent Narada Risi to stop him from such a heinous act. When Narada Risi informed Indra about the order of Brahma to stop killing the demons, only then did he cease.

Sukracharya, the family priest of the demons, revived Bali Maharaj and his chief generals and demons by using the art of mṛta-saṁjīvanī . Seeing the act of Sukracharya all the demigods became worried.

The demigods thought, “Sukracharya knows mṛta-saṁjīvanī (knowledge of giving life to the dead) so what is the use of killing the demons? Sukracharya will make them alive again. We should learn that science from him. Who will go to learn that?”

They thought, “The son of Brihaspati, Kacha, is very beautiful and well-behaved. If he goes then Sukracharya and his daughter, Devyani, will get attracted to him and then by staying there he can learn that mantra from him.”

They informed Kacha to go to Sukracharya. Kacha went there and offered obeisance to Sukracharya and Devyani. Seeing his beauty both of them got attracted to him. He said, “I have come to become your disciple. I am the son of Brihaspati.” Sukracharya replied, “Okay.” Then Kacha stayed there and served Sukracharya for five hundred years. One day he went outside the Ashram and there the other demons saw him. They thought, “He is not like us. He looks like a son of a demigod.”

They asked him, “Where have you come from?”

He replied, “I am the son of Brihaspati.”

“What are you doing here? This place is for the disciples of Sukracharya.”

They understood that there is something wrong in his intention of being there. They felt danger from him. So, immediately the demons took him from there, killed him, cut his body into pieces and served it to the wild animals like dogs and jackals. Here, Devyani is worried about him thinking why is he not returning? She said to his father, “Why is he not returning today. I fear other demons must have killed him. You please use the mṛta-saṁjīvanī mantra and make him alive.”

Sukracharya replied, “Mṛta-saṁjīvanī is not to be used everywhere.”

She started crying. Seeing his daughter crying he agreed to use his mantra to make Kacha alive. As soon as he recited the mantra, all the animals, whoever had eaten Kacha, their bellies burst and they died. All the body pieces of him came out from their bellies and got reunited and he became alive. Such a power that mantra has!

Then after a few days the demons again saw Kacha, they thought, “Oh! We had killed him and he has come back again. Our Gurudeva is acting as our enemy. He made him alive. He is helping out our enemies.” The demons went near him and they killed him one more time. This time they made his body like water and mixed it with the sea-water. Again on Devyani’s request, Sukracharya recited that mantra and made him alive.

Now this time Kacha is not going out from Sukracharya’s place but the demons came to the Ashram and saw him there. This time they thought, “We should make our Guru learn a lesson.” Those days Brahmins used to drink wine (Sura). (After Sukracharya’s curse they stopped drinking it.) The demons again killed Kacha and mixed his body with Sukracharya’s wine. He drank it. Now again on Devyani’s request Sukracharya recited the mantra to make him alive. This time he heard Kacha’s voice, “Guruji, I am in your stomach.” Sukracharya got angry at the demons as they had killed a Brahmin. Out of anger, he decided to teach the mṛta-saṁjīvanī mantra to Kacha. He neglected his own vow of not giving that mantra to anyone. He said to Kacha, “I will give you the mantra. You are a good disciple. You will not deceive me. You come out by tearing my stomach. After coming out make me alive by the mantra.”

He gave the mantra to Kacha. He came out and made Sukracharya alive by reciting that mantra. Now as he has learned that mantra, he was ready to go to his place. That time Devyani expressed her desire to marry him. In reply, Kacha said, “You are related to my Gurudeva so I have to serve you, I cannot marry you.” And he did not marry her. Then the enraged Devyani, cursed him saying, “Your recitation of the mantra will not be fruitful.” In reply, Kacha said, “Let my recitation of the mantra be futile but to whomever I will give this mantra will be fruitful.”

Sukracharya then instructed the demons, “You should perform the Viswajeet sacrifice. You fear the demigods but after the performance of this sacrifice they will not be able to cause any harm to you. You will get a lot of weapons by this sacrifice.”

The demons agreed to perform that sacrifice. The brahmins of the Bhrigu dynasty performed the sacrifice. By that the demons got a lot of weapons. They became so powerful that nobody would dare to come in front of them to fight. And with that strength, Bali Maharaj captured the heavenly planets. All the demigods went to the king of heaven, Indra and told him, “The person whom you killed has now captured the heavenly planets.” Hearing so, Indra came on his elephant named ‘Airavat’ to fight with Bali Maharaj. But on seeing the splendor of Bali Maharaj, he could not even stand in front of him. He was astonished and ran to his Gurudeva, Brihaspati. He told him, “We are in a big trouble. The demons have become so powerful that we cannot even stand in front of them. Why have they become so powerful?”

Brihaspati replied, “The Brahmin descendants of Bhrigu who are dear to Sri Hari, are backing Bali Maharaj. Bali Maharaj has become powerful by the sacrifices performed by them. If you go to fight with him at this time, you will be unable to win. You will certainly be badly defeated. Therefore my advice to all of you is that you give up your kingdom of heaven and hide in space.”

On the advice of Brihaspati, Indra and the other demigods left heaven and began to live clandestinely in space. Seeing the plight of their sons, their mother, Aditi got severely aggrieved. Her husband, Kashyapa Risi was also not there with her. He had gone to perform penance. She stopped taking food and water and existed in a depressed state. Because she was constantly sorrowful and indifferent to all the housework, her home lost its beauty. Day by day she became increasingly emaciated. Mother Aditi anxiously began to wait for her husband Kashyapa Risi who was engaged in performing austerities. After a long period of time, Kashyapa Risi returned home having finished his austerities. Surprised at seeing the house lusterless and his wife weak and pale, he asked Aditi, “Why has your body become like this? What has happened? You must have disrespected a Brahmin.”

She replied, “No, No, I did not do so.”

“You must have disrespected a guest (Atithi).”

Aditi, weepingly replied to her husband, “The demons have driven our sons out of the kingdom of heaven. I pray to your lotus feet that you will please take action to expel the demons and return my sons to their kingdom. Until my sons regain the kingdom of heaven, my sorrow will not be alleviated.”

Kashyapa Risi responded, “You have an illusion! Being entangled in this temporary world, are you considering someone as your friend and someone as the enemy? You are considering the demigods as your own and the demons as your enemies. This vision of the duality of the enemy and friend only occurs to those who are infatuated by the illusory energy (Maya) of the Supreme Lord. My mind is my enemy. No one else is my enemy. This human birth is for the worship of Supreme Lord. If we do not worship Him then we will get entrapped in the cycle of repeated births and deaths.”

She replied, “Your instructions are very good. But I will not be happy till my sons get their kingdom back.”

Kashyapa Risi thought, “She used to follow all my instructions and now she is not ready to follow them. Why is it so? There must be some reason behind it. Everything happens by the will of the Supreme Lord. He wants to manifest here in the form of her son to help the demigods. And because of that, though, she was always obedient to me, and now she is speaking so.”

He said, “Okay, if it is your strong desire that the demigods are to return to their kingdom of heaven, then you will have to perform the Keshav a-toshani-vrata (a fast to please Keshava) for twelve days (One celestial day is equal to one year of the human beings, i.e., three and sixty five days) by drinking only milk. Other than Lord Keshava, no one will be able to fulfill this desire of yours.”

Jayadeva Goswami has written:

chalayasi vikramaṇe balim adbhuta-vaman
pada-nakha-nīra-janita-jana-pāvana
keśava dhṛta-vaman-rūpa jaya jagadīśa hare
(Sri Jayadeva’s Daśāvatāra-stotra, fifth Verse)

“O Keshava! You assumed the form of Vaman to trick the great demon Bali Maharaj by Your steps, and to purify all the living entities by the water that emanated from the nails of Your lotus feet. All glories unto You, Lord of the universe.”

Are Keshava and Vaman different from each other? Ontologically, They are the same but the difference is there in terms of Their pastimes.

As per the instructions of Kashyapa Risi, Mother Aditi performed the Keshava-toshani-vrata, subjecting herself to severe austerity while observing proper usage and custom. At the end of the fast, the Lord appeared before Mother Aditi and assured her that He would appear as her son at the proper time under auspicious indications and would fulfill her desire.

On the twelfth day of the month of Bhadra, at the very auspicious moment of the Abhijita Nakshatra (star), Lord Narayan appeared from the womb of Aditi as Shyamasundara (sweet and dark complexioned) Pitambar-dhari (dressed in yellow garments) holding a conch, disc, club, and lotus. As predicted, at an auspicious time the Lord appeared in the heart of Kashyapa Risi. Kashyapa Rishi then imparted the divine knowledge to Aditi through initiation. The Lord first appeared in the heart of Aditi and then entered into her womb. When Brahma and the other demigods realised that the Supreme Lord had appeared, they began to offer prayers to the womb of Aditi.

Kashyapa Risi and Mother Aditi saw that as soon as the Lord had appeared before them in a four handed form, He miraculously assumed the form of a dwarf (Vaman), although He was perfectly proportioned. Kasyapa Risi and Mother Aditi became filled with great bliss upon seeing the beautiful form of Vaman, and were completely overwhelmed with affection for their child. All the birth saṁskāras (purificatory rituals) of the child were performed according to the directions of the scriptures. At the sacred thread ceremony of Vaman Deva, the sun-god himself instructed Him in the mantra, Brihaspati presented Him with the sacred thread, Kashyapa Rishi gave Him a straw belt (a girdle), Mother Earth gave Him a deerskin to sit on and the moon-god, who is the king of the forests, gave Him a Brahma-danda (the rod of a Brahmachari). Mother Aditi gave Him Kaupina-vasan (sacred inner cloth), the Presiding Deity of heaven offered Him an umbrella, Lord Brahma gave Him a water-pot, the seven sages offered Him Kusha-grass, Saraswati gave Him a string of Rudraksha beads, Kubera gave Him a pot for begging alms, and Bhagavati, the mother of the universe, gave Him alms.

A new Brahmana will beg alms after the sacred thread ceremony. Following this custom, Vaman Deva set out for the sacrificial arena of Bali Maharaj, holding His Danda, water-pot and umbrella to beg alms from him. Bali Maharaj had begun the performance of a fire-sacrifice in the field known as Bṛgukaccha on the bank of the Narmada River. Vaman Deva was walking while holding His umbrella. Being small in size, He was completely covered by the umbrella. When the Brahmanas saw Him from a distance, they thought that the umbrella was walking by itself, so they were very astonished. Later, they understood that a Brahmana boy of small stature was underneath the umbrella. The Brahmana tried very hard to overtake him, but were unable to do so. Vaman Deva bewildered all the Brahmana with His Maya and became the first to arrive at the sacrificial arena. The auspicious arrival of Vaman Deva in His brilliant effulgent form diminished the brilliance of the sacrificial fire. Understanding that a great personality had arrived, Bali Maharaj, his priests and others present there, rose up from their seats and welcomed the Lord by offering proper respects. Considering Him to be a great Brahmana, Bali Maharaj offered his obeisances and then sprinkled on his own head the water with which he had washed the Lord’s lotus feet. After worshipping Him according to the proper customs, Bali Maharaj spoke to Lord Vaman Deva as follows: “You have surely come here to ask me for something. Therefore, whatever You desire, be it wealth or a kingdom, I shall give it to You. If You have the desire to marry, I shall give You a qualified girl as per Your desire.”

The dwarf Vaman Deva replied, “I know the previous members of your very exalted dynasty. You have taken birth in the dynasty of the uncommon warriors like Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu. Your grandfather Prahlad was a Maha-bhagavata. Just by remembering him, the jīva (living entity) is purified. Your father Virochana, after promising charity to a Brahmana, never failed to fulfil his promise. I know that you also will not refuse to fulfill your promise. Therefore I ask you for three steps of land.”

Upon hearing this, Bali Maharaj smilingly said, “You have narrated those great deeds of my ancestors which even I had no knowledge of. However, You have begged for a very insignificant thing. I see that You are a little Brahmana; therefore, Your intelligence is also little. What purpose could be served by obtaining three paces of land, measured by Your small steps? Do you know who I am? I am the owner of the three worlds. By my desire I can give You all of Jambudvipa (Asia). After accepting alms from me, if You beg alms from anyone else, it will disgrace my name as a great charitable person. Therefore, I request You to please reconsider this matter.”

Sri Vaman Deva said, “I know that you are the owner of the three worlds and that you can give Me many things. But I am a Brahmana. A Brahmana should be satisfied with little. If Brahmana desire many objects of sense gratification, they lose their spiritual potency. One’s desire for sense gratification never ends. If you give Me Jambudvīpa, I will desire the whole earth. Next I will desire Rasatala, then heaven, and finally the position of Brahma. There is no end to this. Material things are of no use to the soul. As a charity given by you, I shall be satisfied with three paces of land as measured by My steps.”

At that time, Sukracharya, the spiritual master of the demons, was also present there. He understood that Lord Vishnu had appeared in the form of a dwarf Brahmana to fulfil the motive of the demigods. On the pretext of begging for three steps of land, He would take the three worlds from his disciple Bali, leaving him bereft of his kingdom. Foolishly, Bali Maharaj, not knowing the real identity of this little dwarf Brahmana, was inclined to fulfil His request.

Sukracharya, desiring the welfare of his disciple, spoke to Bali Maharaj, “Bali! You do not know the real identity of this dwarf Brahmana who has come to you. He is the Supreme Lord Himself. To fulfil the motive of the demigods, He has come to beg charity from you. On the pretext of asking for three steps of land, He will take away the three worlds from you. Where will you live then? What will you do? With no wealth, how will you perform your charitable and religious duties? Therefore my instruction to you is that you should not give Him the land.” Hearing these words of his guru, Bali Maharaj said, “I have given my word to a Brahmana. How can I break my promise? How can I tell a lie? If this dwarf Brahmana is the Supreme Lord Himself, where can I find a better or more qualified candidate for charity? Even if I refuse to give, He will take it by force. Being my guru, why are you creating such obstacles? On the other hand if He is only a dwarf Brahmana how much land can He take by the measure of His three steps? I will not be able to abandon the decision that I have made to give in charity now.”

Sukracharya again tried to convince Bali by saying, “Look Bali, in some special circumstances, one should even tell falsehoods for the protection of Dharma (righteous act) and wealth; for example, how much wealth one has. By not keeping this secret, one’s wealth does not remain safe. If one’s wealth is not safe, Dharma (righteous act) is not preserved. If one nasty person is chasing one chaste young lady to ruin her character and if she hides somewhere then for a person who knows where she has hidden herself, speaking the truth is Adharm (unrighteous act) and speaking false is Dharm (righteous act). So speaking truth in all the situations is not Dharm (righteous act). As soon as you pronounce the words for your promise of charity, this dwarf Brahmana will assume a very large Trivikrama form. He will occupy the sky with His body, and with His two steps He will cover the three worlds. You will then not be able to keep your word. Therefore, you should never give Him the three steps of land. This, again, is my instruction.” Even after instructing him in this way, when he saw that Bali Maharaj would not renege on his promise, Sukracharya became filled with rage and cursed Bali to lose his opulence.

Bali Maharaj held true to his promise even after being cursed by his guru. He began to draw water from the water-pot with the intention of offering charity, but while doing so, he saw that there was no water coming out from the pot due to the spout being blocked. The reason for this was that Sukracharya had been unable to tolerate the foolishness of his disciple, and out of affection for him had entered into the water pot, thereby preventing the water from flowing out. Bali Maharaj then began to clear the blocked spout with the help of a stick from the broom. This destroyed one eye of Sukracharya. One should not commit an offense to the feet of Sukracharya by thinking otherwise. He did so out of his affection for his disciple. It is said that because of his obstructing service to the Supreme Lord, Sukracharya became known as ‘Kānā Shukra’ (Kānā, blind in one eye). However this incident has not been mentioned in the Srimad-Bhagavatam.

Bali Maharaj’s wife’s name was Vindhyavali and his daughter’s name is Ratnavali. On seeing the beauty of the dwarf Vaman, out of motherly affection, Ratnavali had the desire to feed Him with her breast milk and to take Him in her lap and kiss Him.

As Bali Maharaj recited the words of his promise with water from the water-pot, the dwarf Brahmana assumed an immense Trivikrama form, occupying the sky with His body, and then took over the three worlds with His two steps. The inconceivably powerful Supreme Lord’s lotus feet encroached upon the three worlds and reached Satyaloka. Seeing the Lord’s lotus feet, Brahma and other demigods became very pleased. They worshipped those lotus feet according to proper custom. Vaman Deva then asked Bali Maharaj for one more pace of land. Lord Vaman warned, “Breaking your promise after giving your word will be an irreligious act.”

Bali Maharaj replied, “I am bereft of everything but I am not upset about this. However, I am unable to fulfil my promise and, due to this fact, I am sad and in mental agony. You have acquired everything of mine with Your two steps. There is nothing else of mine remaining to give.” Upon seeing that everything had been lost to Lord Vaman Deva, the demons became determined to recapture their kingdom. When the demons approached Vaman Deva to kill Him, a wonderful Narayani army emanated from the body of Vishnu and began to fight with the demons. Seeing the killing of the demons by the Narayani forces, Bali Maharaj asked them to stop the fight. He said, “Our time is now inauspicious, so the result of the fight will also be inauspicious.” The bird king Garuda, understanding the desire of Lord Vishnu, bound Bali Maharaj with the ropes of Varuna. When Bali Maharaj was bound with ropes, a universal cry of distress spread everywhere in the heavens and on earth. Then Vaman Deva approached Bali Maharaj and said, “In your dynasty, no one has broken his word after promising to a Brahmana. You took an oath that you will give Me three steps of land. Why are you not giving Me one more step of land? You are religious, yet you are behaving irreligiously.”

Bali Maharaj’s wife, Vindhyavali, was a pious and devotionally inclined lady. She said to her husband, “You have given Vaman Deva whatever material possessions you had, but you have not given your very self.” Bali Maharaj was greatly delighted upon hearing the timely and wise words of his devotionally inclined wife. He directed Vaman Deva toward his head as a place for the remaining step of land. At that time, a foot emerged from the lotus navel of Vaman Deva and rested on the head of Bali Maharaj. Bali Maharaj achieved the touch of those lotus feet, which is rare even for Brahma and other demigods. On witnessing the great fortune of Bali Maharaj, the kettledrums sounded in heaven and flowers showered down. Being greatly pleased, Lord Vaman Deva spoke to Bali Maharaj, “I am very pleased with you. You have not fallen from your Dharma (religious act). You did not deviate from the truth in spite of being cursed by your Gurudeva. Until now you were the giver and I was the receiver. Now I am the giver and you are the receiver. I shall give you whatever you want.” Having completely surrendered to the Lord, Bali Maharaj did not ask Him for his lost wealth like a materialistic person. He prayed, “O Lord Vaman Deva! May Your soothing lotus feet, which You have placed on my head, always remain there.”

We should not desire the worldly wealth and worldly benefits from the Supreme Lord. Being pleased with Bali Maharaj, Vaman Deva awarded him the Sutala planet, which is supremely blissful like Vaikuntha, and ordered the Sudarśana-cakra to protect that abode of a Bhakta (devotee) in every way.

On the day of this Parshva-ekadashi, Vaman Deva has established His deity in Bali Maharaj’s Ashram in Sutal-puri. Thus Vaman Deva in His one form is eternally residing in Sutal-puri. It has become Vaikuntha. And in another form He resides in Kshirsagara where Ananta Deva resides.

Service of the Lord and self-surrender to His lotus feet never result in loss for anyone. Out of foolishness, the ignorant living entity prays for insignificant things from the Supreme Lord. One can achieve the completely blissful Supreme Lord by sincere surrender or devotion without ulterior motive. Bali Maharaj achieved the Supreme Lord by the ātma-nivedana (self-surrender) process of Bhakti.